Drug screening assays are possible applications of the research. Photo by Bhavan Mehta | Mercury Staff
UTD researchers hope to push drug research forward by
developing technology that mimics the human eye, to provide some insight on how
exactly the eye heals.
Researchers in the department of bioengineering at UTD are
working in collaboration with UT Southwestern Medical Center on the project.
Professor of bioengineering and principal investigator David Schmidtke said
small ropelike bundles of collagen called fibrils and their aligned crisscross
arrangement in the eye is believed to have an effect on the healing of injured
eye tissue.
“What we’re trying to do is create an in-vitro platform that
can answer some of these questions,” Schmidtke said. “If we can mimic the
structure of these collagen fibrils and then combine them with growth factors
and grow cells on them, we can then see how important the alignment is to these
fibrils.”
The experiment employed the use of microfluidic devices,
small plastic pieces with thin hair-like channels that allow fluid to pass
through them, Schmidtke said. Graduate research assistant Kevin Lam said he
worked on developing a substrate, a surface for the chemical reaction, that
would mimic the structure of the cornea and provide a surface on which to place
the collagen fibrils.
“In order to do that, we employed a microfluidic device that
would attach over glass,” Lam said. “Then from that we infused a collagen
solution.”
A cold collagen solution was infused through the
microfluidic device while the device was on a hot plate, Lam said. This formed
an aligned collagen fibril on top of the glass substrate he developed.
In normal wound healing, Schmitdke said, the keratocytes,
which play a key role in maintaining the structure of the cornea, help repair
injury, leading to recovered normal vision. In abnormal wound healing, scar
tissue forms, impairing vision. The keratocytes are wedged between crisscrossing
layers of fibrils in the cornea, Schmidtke said.
“It’s thought that in wound healing, that keratocytes get
transformed,” Schmidtke said. “Whether you have normal wound healing, where
youget your vision back versus scarring … it’s thought that the topography or
the structures of these aligned fibrils plays an important role.”
Possible applications of the research, Schmidtke said would
be to test the effects of certain drugs on eye healing.
“Right now, it’s being used to understand some of the biology
of the cornea. Assuming that it’s an accurate mimic, then potentially you could
start doing some drug screening assays,” he said. “If the cells behave similar
to what they would do in vivo, then you can start looking at how drugs affect
the wound healing process.”